Opdivo demonstrated superior overall survival vs. dacarbazine with a one-year survival rate of 73% vs. 42% and a 58% decrease in the risk of death (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 0.42, P<0.0001)
Objective response rate was significantly higher for Opdivo than dacarbazine (40% vs.14%), including a higher percentage of complete responses (7.6% vs. 1%)
Safety and tolerability were well characterized with fewer treatment-related Grade 3/4 adverse events observed with Opdivo than dacarbazine (11.7% vs. 17.6%)
PRINCETON, NJ, USA I November 15, 2014 I Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (NYSE:BMY) today announced results from CheckMate -066, a Phase 3 randomized double blind study, comparing Opdivo, an investigational PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor, to the chemotherapy dacarbazine (DTIC) in patients with treatment naïve BRAF wild-type advanced melanoma (n=418). The study met the primary endpoint of overall survival (OS) with the median OS not reachedfor Opdivo vs. 10.8 months for DTIC. The one-year survival rate was 73% for Opdivo vs. 42% for DTIC and there was a 58% decrease in the risk of death for patients treated with Opdivo (Hazard Ratio for death [HR]: 0.42, P<0.0001). This survival advantage was also observed in Opdivo-treated patients in both PD-L1 positive and PD-L1 negative patients. Findings from CheckMate -066 were published today in The New England Journal of Medicine and presented during an oral session at the Society for Melanoma Research 2014 International Congress in Zurich, Switzerland.
“The results from CheckMate -066 are significant as they represent the first time a PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor has shown a survival benefit in a randomized Phase 3 trial,” said Prof. Caroline Robert, Professor of Dermatology, Head of the Dermatology Unit, Institute Gustave Roussy and lead author of the New England Journal of Medicine manuscript. “This represents a major milestone in the study of treatment naïve patients with wild-type BRAF advanced melanoma.”
Safety was reported in all patients treated in the Opdivo and DTIC arms. Fewer discontinuations were observed with Opdivo than DTIC (6.8% vs. 11.7%) as well as for treatment-related Grade 3/4 adverse events (AEs) (11.7% vs. 17.6%), which were managed using established safety algorithms. The most common Opdivo treatment-related AEs were fatigue (20%), pruritus (17%), and nausea (16.5%). Common adverse events in the DTIC arm were consistent with those in previous reports and included nausea (41.5%), vomiting (21%), fatigue (15%), diarrhea (15%) and hematological toxicities. No deaths were attributed to study drug toxicity in either arm.
“Treatment naïve advanced melanoma patients who received nivolumabin this study had clinically important improvements in both overall survival and objective response rates compared to DTIC,” said Georgina V. Long, M.D., Ph.D., Melanoma Institute Australia & the University of Sydney and Mater Hospital and presenter of the results. “This study also confirms our hypothesis on the role of PD-L1 expression in advanced melanoma. In CheckMate -066, both PD-L1 positive and negative patients treated with nivolumab had a clear survival benefit.”
“Results from this Phase 3 Opdivo trial with a survival endpoint build upon the pioneering science that led to the introduction of Yervoy in 2011 and underscore our strategic commitment to provide more patients with the potential opportunity for long-term survival,” said Michael Giordano, senior vice president, head of Development, Oncology, Bristol-Myers Squibb. “And, we continue to develop our immuno-oncology portfolio across the continuum of melanoma and multiple other cancers as single agents and as part of combination regimens.”
Bristol-Myers Squibb has proposed the name Opdivo (pronounced op-dee-voh), which, if approved by health authorities, will serve as the trademark for nivolumab.
About the CheckMate -066 Trial Design
CheckMate -066 is a Phase 3 randomized, double-blind study of patients with treatment naïve BRAF wild-type unresectable Stage III and IV melanoma. The trial enrolled 418 patients who were randomized to receive either Opdivo 3 mg/kg every two weeks (n=210) or DTIC 1000 mg/m2 every three weeks (n=208). Treatment continued until there was disease progression or an unacceptable level of toxicity. Thirty-eight percent of patients in the DTIC arm received Yervoy (ipilimumab) after stopping study treatment. All randomized patients were followed for up to 16.7 months at the time of database lock. The primary endpoint was OS. Secondary endpoints included progression free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR) by RECIST v1.1 criteria and PD-L1 expression as a predictive biomarker of OS. PD-L1 positivity was defined as at least 5% of tumor cells showing cell-surface PD-L1 staining. The study, which was designed in consultation with the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP), was primarily conducted in countries where DTIC is a commonly-used treatment in the first-line setting, including Canada, Europe and Australia, but not at U.S. trial sites. On June 24, 2014, Bristol-Myers Squibb announced that CheckMate -066 was stopped early because an analysis conducted by the independent Data Monitoring Committee showed evidence of superior OS in patients receiving Opdivo compared to the control arm, DTIC. As a result, patients in the trial were unblinded and allowed to receive Opdivo. However, the results reported today are from the double-blind portion of the study before the amendment.
Detailed Study Results
Median OS was not reached for patients treated with Opdivo and was 10.8 months for DTIC (95% CI 9.3–12.1). The one-year survival ratewas 73% for Opdivo (95% CI = 66-79) vs. 42% for DTIC (95% CI = 33-51). There was a 58% decrease in the risk of death for patients treated with Opdivo (Hazard Ratio for death [HR]: 0.42; 99.79% CI = 0.25-0.73; P<0.0001). Median PFS was 5.1 months and 2.2 months, respectively (HR: 0.43; 95% CI = 0.34–0.56; P < 0.0001).
ORR was also significantly higher for Opdivo than DTIC (40% vs. 14%, p<0.0001). Complete responses were observed in 7.6% of Opdivo-treated patients vs. 1% for DTIC. Median duration of response was not reached for Opdivo responders and was six months for DTIC (95% CI, 3.0–not estimable). Responses were ongoing in 86% of Opdivo responders compared to 51% for DTIC responders.
In both the PD-L1 positive and PD-L1 negative/indeterminate subgroups, Opdivo-treated patients had improved OS vs. DTIC (unstratified HR 0.30, 95% CI, 0.15-0.60 in PD-L1 positive patients; 0.48, 95% CI 0.32-0.71 in PD-L1 negative/indeterminate patients). Median OS was not reached in either PD-L1 subgroup in the Opdivo arm. In the DTIC arm, mOS was slightly longer in the PD-L1 positive subgroup (12 vs. 10 months).
Safety was reported in all patients treated in the Opdivo and DTIC arms. The incidence of any-grade treatment-related AEs was similar between the Opdivo and DTIC groups (74.3% and 75.6%, respectively). However, fewer treatment-related Grade 3/4 AEs were observed with Opdivo than DTIC (11.7% vs. 17.6%), which were managed using established safety algorithms, and there were fewer treatment discontinuations (6.8% vs. 11.7%). The frequency of Grade 3/4 treatment-related serious AEs was similar between the Opdivo and DTIC group (5.8% and 5.9%, respectively). The most common Opdivo treatment-related AEs were fatigue (20%), pruritus (17%), and nausea (16.5%). Common AEs in the DTIC arm were consistent with those in previous reports and included nausea (41.5%), vomiting (21%), fatigue (15%), diarrhea (15%) and hematological toxicities. No deaths were attributed to study drug toxicity in either arm.
About Opdivo
Cancer cells may exploit “regulatory” pathways, such as checkpoint pathways, to hide from the immune system and shield the tumor from immune attack. Opdivo is an investigational, fully-human PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor that binds to the checkpoint receptor PD-1 (programmed death-1) expressed on activated T-cells.
Bristol-Myers Squibb has a broad, global development program to study Opdivo in multiple tumor types consisting of more than 50 trials – as monotherapy or in combination with other therapies – in which more than 7,000 patients have been enrolled worldwide. Among these are several potentially registrational trials in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), melanoma, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), head and neck cancer, glioblastoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
In 2012, the FDA granted Fast Track designation for Opdivo in NSCLC, melanoma and RCC. In April 2014, the company initiated a rolling submission with the FDA for Opdivo in third-line pre-treated squamous cell NSCLC and expects to complete the submission by year-end. The FDA granted Opdivo Breakthrough Therapy Designation in May 2014 for the treatment of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma after failure of autologous stem cell transplant and brentuximab. On July 4, Ono Pharmaceutical Co. announced that Opdivo received manufacturing and marketing approval in Japan for the treatment of patients with unresectable melanoma, making Opdivo the first PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor to receive regulatory approval anywhere in the world. On September 26, Bristol-Myers Squibb announced that the FDA accepted for priority review the Biologics License Application for previously treated advanced melanoma, and the Prescription Drug User Fee Act goal date for a decision is March 30, 2015. The FDA also granted Opdivo Breakthrough Therapy status for this indication. In the European Union, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has validated for review the Marketing Authorization Application for Opdivo in advanced melanoma. The application has also been granted accelerated assessment by the EMA’s CHMP. The EMA also validated for review the MAA for nivolumab in NSCLC.
About Advanced Melanoma
Melanoma is a form of skin cancer characterized by the uncontrolled growth of pigment-producing cells (melanocytes) located in the skin. Metastatic melanoma is the deadliest form of the disease, and occurs when cancer spreads beyond the surface of the skin to the other organs, such as the lymph nodes, lungs, brain or other areas of the body. The incidence of melanoma has been increasing for at least 30 years. In 2012, an estimated 232,130 melanoma cases were diagnosed globally. Melanoma is mostly curable when treated in its early stages. However, in its late stages, the average survival rate has historically been just six months with a one-year mortality rate of 75 percent, making it one of the most aggressive forms of cancer.
Immuno-Oncology at Bristol-Myers Squibb
Surgery, radiation, cytotoxic or targeted therapies have represented the mainstay of cancer treatment over the last several decades, but long-term survival and a positive quality of life have remained elusive for many patients with advanced disease.
To address this unmet medical need, Bristol-Myers Squibb is leading advances in the innovative field of immuno-oncology, which involves agents whose primary mechanism is to work directly with the body’s immune system to fight cancer. The company is exploring a variety of compounds and immunotherapeutic approaches for patients with different types of cancer, including researching the potential of combining immuno-oncology agents that target different and complementary pathways in the treatment of cancer.
Bristol-Myers Squibb is committed to advancing the science of immuno-oncology, with the goal of changing survival expectations and the way patients live with cancer.
About the Bristol-Myers Squibb and Ono Pharmaceutical Collaboration
In 2011, through a collaboration agreement with ONO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., Bristol-Myers Squibb expanded its territorial rights to develop and commercialize Opdivo globally except in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan, where ONO had retained all rights to the compound at the time. On July 23, 2014, Bristol-Myers Squibb and ONO PHARMACEUTICAL CO further expanded the companies’ strategic collaboration agreement to jointly develop and commercialize multiple immunotherapies – as single agents and combination regimens – for patients with cancer in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan.
About Bristol-Myers Squibb
Bristol-Myers Squibb is a global pharmaceutical company whose mission is to discover, develop and deliver innovative medicines that help patients prevail over serious diseases. For more information about Bristol-Myers Squibb, visit www.bms.com, or follow us on Twitter at http://twitter.com/bmsnews.
SOURCE: Bristol-Myers Squibb
