New Phase 2 Data Demonstrate Potential Benefit of Nipocalimab for Pregnant Individuals at High Risk of Early-Onset Severe Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn (HDFN)

92 percent of pregnancies treated with nipocalimab resulted in a live birth, with 54 percent delivering at or after 32 weeks without intrauterine transfusions¹

SPRING HOUSE, PA, USA I June 26, 2023 I The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson today announced positive results from the proof-of-concept Phase 2 open-label UNITY clinical trial for the treatment of pregnant individuals at high risk of early-onset severe (EOS) hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN).¹ A statistically significant (54 percent [n=7/13]) proportion of participants who received nipocalimab achieved the primary endpoint of a live birth at or after gestational age of 32 weeks without intrauterine transfusions (IUTs)^1,a compared to the historic reference point of 10 percent, which was derived from published and unpublished data.^2-5,b Among the seven participants who achieved the primary endpoint, the median gestational age at delivery was 37 and 1/7 weeks.⁶ This study demonstrates the potential for nipocalimab to help address the underlying disease mechanism of EOS HDFN.¹ If approved, nipocalimab would be the first anti-neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) treatment and the first approved non-surgical intervention for pregnancies at high risk of HDFN in the U.S.⁷ These data will be presented for the first time at the Fetal Medicine Foundation World Congress in Valencia, Spain on June 26, 2023.¹ Janssen is planning a pivotal Phase 3 trial for nipocalimab in pregnancies at risk for severe HDFN.

Nipocalimab is currently the only therapy reported in clinical development for the treatment of alloimmunized^c pregnant individuals at high risk of severe HDFN,⁷ a serious and rare condition which occurs when the blood types of a pregnant individual and the fetus are incompatible, potentially causing life-threatening anemia in the fetus or infant.⁸

“Pregnancies affected by HDFN currently experience a high treatment burden, such as repeated, invasive IUTs that require access to specialty care and put the life of the fetus at risk,” said Kenneth J. Moise Jr., M.D., Professor, Department of Women’s Health and Director, Comprehensive Fetal Care Center, at Dell Medical School of the University of Texas at Austin and lead study investigator.^d “I find these data encouraging, as they suggest the possibility of providing families with an effective, non-surgical HDFN treatment option if approved.”

In the UNITY clinical trial, 12 of 13 participants experienced a live birth.¹ Additional results show:

• In pregnancies that met the primary endpoint of a live birth at gestational age of or after 32 weeks without IUTs (54 percent; n=7/13), one infant required a simple (blood) transfusion.^6,e In pregnancies requiring an IUT (n=6/13), all live-born infants (n=5/5) required a simple transfusion.¹ Among the 12 live-born infants, one infant required an exchange (blood) transfusion.^1,f
• The median gestational age at the first IUT was 28 and 3/7 weeks (range: 24 1/7 – 31 5/7 weeks) for those with live births.¹
• There were no reports of fetal hydrops.^1,g

Nipocalimab was generally well tolerated across all the dose groups studied in pregnant individuals at high risk for EOS HDFN:

• One pregnancy resulted in fetal demise due to complications following an IUT performed at gestational age 22 and 5/7 weeks.¹ These complications were considered unrelated to nipocalimab.¹ There were no maternal or infant deaths.¹
• The most frequently reported adverse events (AEs) were events that are not uncommonly reported in pregnancy or underlying HDFN.¹
• In the majority of participants, serious adverse events (SAEs [n=4]) were primarily related to HDFN or to various pregnancy-associated conditions and occurred with no discernible pattern or relationship to treatment with nipocalimab. Two participants who experienced live births demonstrated SAEs possibly related to nipocalimab.¹ One participant experienced a subchorionic hematoma,^h fetal growth restriction and fetal heart rate deceleration.¹ The other participant experienced premature separation of the placenta.¹
• Neonatal and infant serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) approximated normal physiological nadirs at 24 weeks of age.¹ Overall, in neonates/infants with maternal nipocalimab exposure, there were no unusual/unexpected childhood illnesses and infections reported in neonates/infants are generally those that are commonly seen during the neonatal period through infancy.¹

Nipocalimab was shown to demonstrate an acceptable benefit-risk profile given the favorable efficacy results in the study, the significant unmet medical need with a potential for fetal/neonatal morbidity or mortality, and was overall well tolerated, supporting further clinical development for the treatment of HDFN.¹

“I have both experienced and heard from others the profound and devastating impact of HDFN,” said Katie Shanahan, Executive Director, Allo Hope Foundation.ⁱ “An approved treatment option for HDFN could offer hope to pregnant individuals and may provide an important alternative to an invasive medical procedure for overwhelmed families struggling to find the right care and treatment plan following an HDFN diagnosis.”

“There is a significant unmet need to help address the serious and life-threatening health consequences of HDFN. Our aspiration is to transform the existing paradigm for families who endure the consequences of HDFN by seeking approval of a targeted and effective therapy,” said Katie Abouzahr, M.D., Vice President, Autoantibody Portfolio and Maternal Fetal Disease Area Leader, Janssen Research & Development, LLC. “These Phase 2 UNITY data in high-risk pregnancies demonstrated the important role that nipocalimab, an FcRn blocking antibody, may play in preventing the transfer of maternal alloantibodies through the placenta, thereby offering a potential treatment option for this devastating disease.”

Nipocalimab was granted Fast Track designation in July 2019 and orphan drug status in June 2020 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and orphan medicinal product designation by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in October 2019 for the prevention of HDFN.^7,9,10

Editor’s Notes
a. Intrauterine transfusion: an invasive, technically complex surgical procedure performed by specialists to inject blood (red blood cells) from a donor to the fetus, usually through the umbilical cord, that may be associated with complications that could lead to morbidity, fetal mortality and premature birth.^11,12
b.  Historical reference point used in this study is based on data from published literature (n=51); and academic research centers with expertise in managing EOS HDFN, including the Fetal Center at Children’s Memorial Hermann Hospital in Houston, Texas, U.S. (n=2); The Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine at Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio, U.S. (n=4); and The University of Toronto Fetal Medicine program at Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto, Canada (n=12).^2-5 Across these 69 cases, all patients with prior EOS HDFN pregnancies required an IUT in subsequent at-risk pregnancies. A conservative benchmark of 10 percent of patients not requiring an IUT was chosen to account for uncertainties in the accuracy and representation of the underlying data.²
c.  Alloimmunized: an immune response to foreign antigens upon exposure to genetically different cells or tissues.¹³
d.  Dr. Kenneth Moise is a paid consultant for Janssen. He has not been compensated for any media work.
e.  Simple transfusion: a procedure wherein a patient receives blood from another blood donor.¹⁴ Neonates impacted by HDFN receive transfusions to treat severe anemia.¹⁰
f.  Exchange transfusion: a procedure that removes most of the patient’s blood (which contains the antigen-positive red blood cells) and replaces it with fresh donor blood or plasma that has a normal bilirubin level.¹⁵ Exchange transfusions are used in HDFN for neonates whose bilirubin levels continue to rise to treatable levels.¹⁵ Exchange transfusions are an invasive procedure with potentially severe side effects and risk of mortality.¹⁵
g.  Fetal hydrops: a condition in which large amounts of fluid buildup in a baby’s tissues and organs, causing extensive swelling (edema), and can be life-threatening.¹⁶ About half of unborn babies with hydrops do not survive.¹⁶ Fetal hydrops is a complication of HDFN, occurring when the mother’s immune system causes a baby’s red blood cells to break down.¹⁶
h.  Subchorionic hematoma: bleeding that occurs beneath the placental chorion membranes which enclose the embryo in the uterus.¹⁷ It is believed to happen when the chorion membranes partially detach from the uterine wall.¹⁷
i.  Katie Shanahan has not been compensated for any media work.

About UNITY
UNITY (NCT03842189) is a global, multicenter, open-label, non-blinded Phase 2 clinical trial designed to evaluate the safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nipocalimab for the treatment of pregnant individuals at high risk for EOS HDFN.¹⁸ The trial enrolled RhD (D) or Kell (K) alloimmunized pregnant individuals with singleton pregnancies at high risk for EOS HDFN with an obstetric history of severe fetal anemia, fetal hydrops, or a stillbirth at ≤24 weeks gestation.¹ In the trial, 13 participants with 14 pregnancies were enrolled.¹ One pregnancy was included in the safety analysis but was not included in the efficacy analysis due to early elective abortion for a genetic disorder unrelated to HDFN at gestational age 17 weeks.¹ Due to complications following an IUT that was performed at gestational age 22 and 5/7 weeks, one pregnancy resulted in fetal demise considered by the trial investigator to be unrelated to nipocalimab.¹ Participants received once-weekly intravenous infusions.¹ The primary endpoint was live birth at or after gestational age of 32 weeks, without a need for an IUT throughout the entire pregnancy.¹ Safety was monitored for 24 weeks post-delivery for the 13 maternal individuals enrolled, and up to 96 weeks post-birth for infants.¹

About HDFN
Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) is a rare disease where maternal alloantibodies produced in a pregnant person’s immune system cross the placenta and attack fetal red blood cells — causing fetal red blood cell hemolysis, leading to anemia.⁸ The symptoms of HDFN can range from mild to life threatening; some cases can involve neonatal jaundice or hyperbilirubinemia, and severe cases can result in life-threatening fetal anemia requiring intervention to prevent development of fetal hydrops.¹⁹ With every pregnancy with an antigen-positive fetus, disease severity increases with an earlier gestational age of HDFN onset due to repeated alloimmunization.²⁰ There are currently no approved non-surgical interventions for pregnancies at high risk of EOS HDFN in the U.S., and pregnancies affected by severe HDFN may necessitate repeated IUTs.²¹ IUTs are invasive, technically complex surgical procedures performed by specialists at specialized medical centers, and these procedures may be associated with an increased rate of fetal mortality and premature birth.^11,12 The most difficult to treat cases of HDFN are those that develop before 24 weeks gestational age, defined here as early-onset, due to the IUT-related higher procedural complication rate and related mortality.²² HDFN is categorized as a rare disease and the severe form is even rarer.^8,10 According to the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, in the U.S., it is estimated that up to 80 out of every 100,000 pregnancies are affected by HDFN each year.²³

About nipocalimab
Nipocalimab is an investigational, high-affinity, fully human, aglycosylated, effectorless, monoclonal antibody that is believed to selectively block the FcRn to reduce levels of circulating IgG antibodies, including autoantibodies and alloantibodies that underlie multiple conditions.²⁴ Nipocalimab is the only anti-FcRn being studied across three key segments in the autoantibody space: maternal-fetal diseases mediated by maternal alloantibodies (e.g., HDFN); rare autoantibody diseases (e.g., generalized myasthenia gravis in adults and children, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and idiopathic inflammatory myopathies); and prevalent rheumatological diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren’s disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus).^18,25-32 Blockade of FcRn by nipocalimab has the potential to reduce overall autoantibody levels while maintaining immune function. FcRn blockade is also believed to prevent placental transfer of maternal alloantibodies to the fetus.^18,33

About the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson
At Janssen, we’re creating a future where disease is a thing of the past. We’re the Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, working tirelessly to make that future a reality for patients everywhere by fighting sickness with science, improving access with ingenuity, and healing hopelessness with heart. We focus on areas of medicine where we can make the biggest difference: Cardiovascular, Metabolism & Retina; Immunology; Infectious Diseases & Vaccines; Neuroscience; Oncology; and Pulmonary Hypertension.

Learn more at www.janssen.com. Follow us at www.twitter.com/JanssenGlobal.

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SOURCE: Janssen