Opdivo is the first and only immunotherapy approved in this patient population
In CheckMate -577, Opdivo doubled median disease-free survival versus placebo for these patients1
Approval expands the role of Opdivo in earlier stages of disease, with two indications in the adjuvant setting across three types of cancer1
PRINCETON, NJ, USA I May 20, 2021 I Bristol Myers Squibb (NYSE: BMY) today announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Opdivo® (nivolumab, injection for intravenous use) for the adjuvant treatment of completely resected esophageal or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer with residual pathologic disease in patients who have received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT).1 The approval is based on results from the Phase 3 CheckMate -577 trial that evaluated Opdivo (n=532) compared to placebo (n=262) in esophageal or GEJ cancer patients with residual pathologic disease following neoadjuvant CRT and complete resection.1,2
In the trial, among patients who received Opdivo, median disease-free survival (DFS) was twice as long as in those who received placebo (22.4 months [95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 16.6 to 34.0] compared to 11.0 months [95% CI: 8.3 to 14.3]).1Opdivo reduced the risk of disease recurrence or death by 31% compared to placebo (Hazard Ratio [HR] 0.69; 95% CI: 0.56 to 0.85; P=0.0003).1 In an exploratory analysis, among patients with adenocarcinoma (n=563, 70.9%), mDFS was 19.4 months (95% CI: 15.9 to 29.4) with Opdivo versus 11.1 months (95% CI: 8.3 to 16.8) with placebo (unstratified HR 0.75; 95% CI: 0.59 to 0.96), and among squamous cell carcinoma patients (n=230, 29%), mDFS was 29.7 months (95% CI: 14.4 to NE) with Opdivo versus 11.0 months (95% CI: 7.6 to 17.8) with placebo (unstratified HR 0.61; 95% CI: 0.42 to 0.88).3
“Locally advanced esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancers are aggressive tumor types that often require multiple approaches to address the disease, including chemotherapy, radiation and surgery,” said Ronan J. Kelly M.D., MBA., director, Baylor Scott & White Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, and W.W. Caruth Jr. Endowed Chair of Immunology at Baylor University Medical Center.3,4,5,6,7,8 “Even after neoadjuvant CRT followed by surgery, there may be a high risk of recurrence for patients who do not achieve a pathologic complete response.2,3,7 In the CheckMate -577 trial, we saw a doubling in median disease-free survival compared to placebo, which suggests that Opdivo could become a new standard of care for these patients.1,9 This is exciting news, providing renewed hope.”
Opdivo is associated with the following Warnings and Precautions: severe and fatal immune-mediated adverse reactions including pneumonitis, colitis, hepatitis and hepatotoxicity, endocrinopathies, nephritis and renal dysfunction, dermatologic adverse reactions, other immune-mediated adverse reactions; infusion-related reactions; complications of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT); embryo-fetal toxicity; and increased mortality in patients with multiple myeloma when Opdivo is added to a thalidomide analogue and dexamethasone, which is not recommended outside of controlled clinical trials.1Please see the Important Safety Information section below, as well as select safety information from CheckMate -577.
“Esophageal and GEJ cancer patients with residual pathologic disease following neoadjuvant CRT and complete resection face a high risk of disease recurrence; however, the predominant option for these patients has been surveillance,” said Adam Lenkowsky, senior vice president and general manager, U.S. Cardiovascular, Immunology and Oncology, Bristol Myers Squibb.3,7,9 “Today’s news marks an important step for patients as well as meaningful progress toward our commitment to pioneering immunotherapy treatment options in earlier stages of disease where there is the potential to reduce the risk of recurrence.”1
This application was reviewed under the FDA’s Real-Time Oncology Review (RTOR) pilot program, which aims to ensure that safe and effective treatments are available to patients as early as possible.10 The review was also conducted under the FDA’s Project Orbis initiative, which enabled concurrent review by the health authorities in Australia, Canada and Switzerland.
About CheckMate -577
CheckMate -577 was a Phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multi-center trial, evaluating Opdivo as an adjuvant treatment in patients with esophageal or GEJ cancer with residual pathologic disease following neoadjuvant CRT and complete resection.1,2 The trial excluded patients who did not receive CRT prior to surgery, had stage IV resectable disease, autoimmune disease, or any condition requiring systemic treatment with either corticosteroids (>10 mg daily prednisone or equivalent) or other immunosuppressive medications.1 The primary endpoint of the trial was DFS (investigator assessed).1 Following neoadjuvant CRT and complete tumor surgical resection (also known as trimodality therapy), a total of 794 patients were randomized to receive either Opdivo 240 mg (n=532) or placebo (n=262) by intravenous infusion every two weeks for 16 weeks, followed by Opdivo 480 mg or placebo by intravenous infusion every four weeks beginning at week 17.1,2 Treatment was until disease recurrence, unacceptable toxicity, or for up to one year in total duration.1
The FDA-approved dosing for Opdivo (injection for intravenous use) for adjuvant treatment of patients with resected esophageal or GEJ cancer is 240 mg intravenous infusion over 30 minutes every two weeks or 480 mg intravenous infusion over 30 minutes every four weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity for a total treatment duration of one year.1
Select Safety Profile from CheckMate -577 Study
Opdivo was discontinued in 12% of patients and was delayed in 28% of patients for an adverse reaction.1 Serious adverse reactions occurred in 33% of patients receiving Opdivo.1 A serious adverse reaction reported in ≥ 2% of patients who received Opdivo was pneumonitis.1 A fatal adverse reaction of myocardial infarction occurred in one patient who received Opdivo.1 The most common adverse reactions reported in ≥20% of patients treated with Opdivo were fatigue (34%), diarrhea (29%), nausea (23%), rash (21%), musculoskeletal pain (21%) and cough (20%).1
About Esophageal and Gastroesophageal Junction Cancers
Esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancers are classified as upper gastrointestinal cancers.11
- Esophageal cancer is a type of gastrointestinal cancer that starts in the inner layer of the esophagus (the mucosa) and grows.11 In the United States, it is estimated there will be approximately 19,260 new cases of esophageal cancer diagnosed and 15,530 deaths resulted from the disease in 2021.12 The two most common types of esophageal cancer are squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.11
- The gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) is the area of the body that connects the lower part of the esophagus to the stomach.11 The prevalence of GEJ cancer has continued to rise.13,14
INDICATIONS
OPDIVO® (nivolumab) is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of completely resected esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer with residual pathologic disease in patients who have received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT).
OPDIVO® (nivolumab) is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of patients with melanoma with involvement of lymph nodes or metastatic disease who have undergone complete resection.
Clinical Trials and Patient Populations
Checkmate 577—adjuvant treatment of esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer; Checkmate 238—adjuvant treatment of melanoma
Bristol Myers Squibb: Creating a Better Future for People with Cancer
Bristol Myers Squibb is inspired by a single vision — transforming patients’ lives through science. The goal of the company’s cancer research is to deliver medicines that offer each patient a better, healthier life and to make cure a possibility. Building on a legacy across a broad range of cancers that have changed survival expectations for many, Bristol Myers Squibb researchers are exploring new frontiers in personalized medicine, and through innovative digital platforms, are turning data into insights that sharpen their focus. Deep scientific expertise, cutting-edge capabilities and discovery platforms enable the company to look at cancer from every angle. Cancer can have a relentless grasp on many parts of a patient’s life, and Bristol Myers Squibb is committed to taking actions to address all aspects of care, from diagnosis to survivorship. Because as a leader in cancer care, Bristol Myers Squibb is working to empower all people with cancer to have a better future.
About Bristol Myers Squibb’s Patient Access Support
Bristol Myers Squibb remains committed to providing assistance so that cancer patients who need our medicines can access them and expedite time to therapy.
BMS Access Support®, the Bristol Myers Squibb patient access and reimbursement program, is designed to help appropriate patients initiate and maintain access to Bristol Myers Squibb medicines during their treatment journey. BMS Access Support offers benefit investigation, prior authorization assistance, as well as co-pay assistance for eligible, commercially insured patients. More information about our access and reimbursement support can be obtained by calling BMS Access Support at 1-800-861-0048 or by visiting www.bmsaccesssupport.com.
About the Bristol Myers Squibb and Ono Pharmaceutical Collaboration
In 2011, through a collaboration agreement with Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Bristol Myers Squibb expanded its territorial rights to develop and commercialize Opdivo globally, except in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan, where Ono had retained all rights to the compound at the time. On July 23, 2014, Ono and Bristol Myers Squibb further expanded the companies’ strategic collaboration agreement to jointly develop and commercialize multiple immunotherapies – as single agents and combination regimens – for patients with cancer in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan.
About Bristol Myers Squibb
Bristol Myers Squibb is a global biopharmaceutical company whose mission is to discover, develop and deliver innovative medicines that help patients prevail over serious diseases. For more information about Bristol Myers Squibb, visit us at BMS.com or follow us on LinkedIn, Twitter, YouTube, Facebook and Instagram.
Celgene and Juno Therapeutics are wholly owned subsidiaries of Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. In certain countries outside the U.S., due to local laws, Celgene and Juno Therapeutics are referred to as, Celgene, a Bristol Myers Squibb company and Juno Therapeutics, a Bristol Myers Squibb company.
References
- Opdivo Prescribing Information. Opdivo U.S. Product Information. Last updated: May 2021. Princeton, NJ: Bristol-Myers Squibb Company.
- Kelly RJ, Ajani JA, Kuzdzal J, et al. Adjuvant nivolumab in resected esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer following neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy: first results of the CheckMate 577 study. Poster presented at: 2020 European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Virtual Congress. September 19-21, 2020.
- Kelly RJ, Ajani JA, Kuzdzal J, et al. Adjuvant Nivolumab in Resected Esophageal or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2021;384:1191-203.
- Kamarajah S, Navidi M, Wahed S, et al. Significance of Neoadjuvant Downstaging in Carcinoma of Esophagus and Gastroesophageal Junction. Ann Surg Oncol. 2020;27:3182-3192.
- Myint ZW and Goel G. Role of modern immunotherapy in gastrointestinal malignancies: a review of current clinical progress. J. Hematol. Oncol. (2017) 10:86,
- Shah AB, Sommerer KR, Almhanna K. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in gastrointestinal malignancies: what can we learn from experience with other tumors? Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019;4:73.
- Murphy MB, Lianchum X, Patel VR, et al. Pathological Complete Response in Patients With Esophageal Cancer After the Trimodality Approach: The Association With Baseline Variables and Survival—The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Experience. Cancer 2017;123:4106-13.
- Saeed NA, Mellon EA, Meredith KL, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy and outcomes in esophageal carcinoma. J Gastrointest Oncol 2017;8(5):816-824.
- National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines: Esophageal and Esophagogastric Junction Cancers. https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/esophageal.pdf2021. Updated March 9, 2021. Accessed April 27, 2021.
- U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Real-Time Oncology Review Pilot Program. https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/oncology-center-excellence/real-time-oncology-review-pilot-program. Updated March 31, 2021. Accessed April 26, 2021.
- American Cancer Society. What is Cancer of the Esophagus? https://www.cancer.org/cancer/esophagus-cancer/about/what-is-cancer-of-the-esophagus.html. Updated March 20, 2020. Accessed April 26, 2021.
- American Cancer Society. Key Statistics for Esophageal Cancer. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/esophagus-cancer/about/key-statistics.html. Updated January 12, 2021. Accessed April 26, 2021.
- Murphy AG, Lynch D and Kelly RJ. State of the art management of metastatic gastroesophageal cancer. Ann Transl Med. 2015;3(16):236.
- Bhurwal A, Brahmbatt B, Choudhry A, et al. Incidence of GE junction cancer continues to rise – analysis of SEER database. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 2019;89(6):AB362.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2019.03.522.
SOURCE: Bristol Myers Squibb
Post Views: 185
Opdivo is the first and only immunotherapy approved in this patient population
In CheckMate -577, Opdivo doubled median disease-free survival versus placebo for these patients1
Approval expands the role of Opdivo in earlier stages of disease, with two indications in the adjuvant setting across three types of cancer1
PRINCETON, NJ, USA I May 20, 2021 I Bristol Myers Squibb (NYSE: BMY) today announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Opdivo® (nivolumab, injection for intravenous use) for the adjuvant treatment of completely resected esophageal or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer with residual pathologic disease in patients who have received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT).1 The approval is based on results from the Phase 3 CheckMate -577 trial that evaluated Opdivo (n=532) compared to placebo (n=262) in esophageal or GEJ cancer patients with residual pathologic disease following neoadjuvant CRT and complete resection.1,2
In the trial, among patients who received Opdivo, median disease-free survival (DFS) was twice as long as in those who received placebo (22.4 months [95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 16.6 to 34.0] compared to 11.0 months [95% CI: 8.3 to 14.3]).1Opdivo reduced the risk of disease recurrence or death by 31% compared to placebo (Hazard Ratio [HR] 0.69; 95% CI: 0.56 to 0.85; P=0.0003).1 In an exploratory analysis, among patients with adenocarcinoma (n=563, 70.9%), mDFS was 19.4 months (95% CI: 15.9 to 29.4) with Opdivo versus 11.1 months (95% CI: 8.3 to 16.8) with placebo (unstratified HR 0.75; 95% CI: 0.59 to 0.96), and among squamous cell carcinoma patients (n=230, 29%), mDFS was 29.7 months (95% CI: 14.4 to NE) with Opdivo versus 11.0 months (95% CI: 7.6 to 17.8) with placebo (unstratified HR 0.61; 95% CI: 0.42 to 0.88).3
“Locally advanced esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancers are aggressive tumor types that often require multiple approaches to address the disease, including chemotherapy, radiation and surgery,” said Ronan J. Kelly M.D., MBA., director, Baylor Scott & White Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, and W.W. Caruth Jr. Endowed Chair of Immunology at Baylor University Medical Center.3,4,5,6,7,8 “Even after neoadjuvant CRT followed by surgery, there may be a high risk of recurrence for patients who do not achieve a pathologic complete response.2,3,7 In the CheckMate -577 trial, we saw a doubling in median disease-free survival compared to placebo, which suggests that Opdivo could become a new standard of care for these patients.1,9 This is exciting news, providing renewed hope.”
Opdivo is associated with the following Warnings and Precautions: severe and fatal immune-mediated adverse reactions including pneumonitis, colitis, hepatitis and hepatotoxicity, endocrinopathies, nephritis and renal dysfunction, dermatologic adverse reactions, other immune-mediated adverse reactions; infusion-related reactions; complications of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT); embryo-fetal toxicity; and increased mortality in patients with multiple myeloma when Opdivo is added to a thalidomide analogue and dexamethasone, which is not recommended outside of controlled clinical trials.1Please see the Important Safety Information section below, as well as select safety information from CheckMate -577.
“Esophageal and GEJ cancer patients with residual pathologic disease following neoadjuvant CRT and complete resection face a high risk of disease recurrence; however, the predominant option for these patients has been surveillance,” said Adam Lenkowsky, senior vice president and general manager, U.S. Cardiovascular, Immunology and Oncology, Bristol Myers Squibb.3,7,9 “Today’s news marks an important step for patients as well as meaningful progress toward our commitment to pioneering immunotherapy treatment options in earlier stages of disease where there is the potential to reduce the risk of recurrence.”1
This application was reviewed under the FDA’s Real-Time Oncology Review (RTOR) pilot program, which aims to ensure that safe and effective treatments are available to patients as early as possible.10 The review was also conducted under the FDA’s Project Orbis initiative, which enabled concurrent review by the health authorities in Australia, Canada and Switzerland.
About CheckMate -577
CheckMate -577 was a Phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multi-center trial, evaluating Opdivo as an adjuvant treatment in patients with esophageal or GEJ cancer with residual pathologic disease following neoadjuvant CRT and complete resection.1,2 The trial excluded patients who did not receive CRT prior to surgery, had stage IV resectable disease, autoimmune disease, or any condition requiring systemic treatment with either corticosteroids (>10 mg daily prednisone or equivalent) or other immunosuppressive medications.1 The primary endpoint of the trial was DFS (investigator assessed).1 Following neoadjuvant CRT and complete tumor surgical resection (also known as trimodality therapy), a total of 794 patients were randomized to receive either Opdivo 240 mg (n=532) or placebo (n=262) by intravenous infusion every two weeks for 16 weeks, followed by Opdivo 480 mg or placebo by intravenous infusion every four weeks beginning at week 17.1,2 Treatment was until disease recurrence, unacceptable toxicity, or for up to one year in total duration.1
The FDA-approved dosing for Opdivo (injection for intravenous use) for adjuvant treatment of patients with resected esophageal or GEJ cancer is 240 mg intravenous infusion over 30 minutes every two weeks or 480 mg intravenous infusion over 30 minutes every four weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity for a total treatment duration of one year.1
Select Safety Profile from CheckMate -577 Study
Opdivo was discontinued in 12% of patients and was delayed in 28% of patients for an adverse reaction.1 Serious adverse reactions occurred in 33% of patients receiving Opdivo.1 A serious adverse reaction reported in ≥ 2% of patients who received Opdivo was pneumonitis.1 A fatal adverse reaction of myocardial infarction occurred in one patient who received Opdivo.1 The most common adverse reactions reported in ≥20% of patients treated with Opdivo were fatigue (34%), diarrhea (29%), nausea (23%), rash (21%), musculoskeletal pain (21%) and cough (20%).1
About Esophageal and Gastroesophageal Junction Cancers
Esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancers are classified as upper gastrointestinal cancers.11
- Esophageal cancer is a type of gastrointestinal cancer that starts in the inner layer of the esophagus (the mucosa) and grows.11 In the United States, it is estimated there will be approximately 19,260 new cases of esophageal cancer diagnosed and 15,530 deaths resulted from the disease in 2021.12 The two most common types of esophageal cancer are squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.11
- The gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) is the area of the body that connects the lower part of the esophagus to the stomach.11 The prevalence of GEJ cancer has continued to rise.13,14
INDICATIONS
OPDIVO® (nivolumab) is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of completely resected esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer with residual pathologic disease in patients who have received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT).
OPDIVO® (nivolumab) is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of patients with melanoma with involvement of lymph nodes or metastatic disease who have undergone complete resection.
Clinical Trials and Patient Populations
Checkmate 577—adjuvant treatment of esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer; Checkmate 238—adjuvant treatment of melanoma
Bristol Myers Squibb: Creating a Better Future for People with Cancer
Bristol Myers Squibb is inspired by a single vision — transforming patients’ lives through science. The goal of the company’s cancer research is to deliver medicines that offer each patient a better, healthier life and to make cure a possibility. Building on a legacy across a broad range of cancers that have changed survival expectations for many, Bristol Myers Squibb researchers are exploring new frontiers in personalized medicine, and through innovative digital platforms, are turning data into insights that sharpen their focus. Deep scientific expertise, cutting-edge capabilities and discovery platforms enable the company to look at cancer from every angle. Cancer can have a relentless grasp on many parts of a patient’s life, and Bristol Myers Squibb is committed to taking actions to address all aspects of care, from diagnosis to survivorship. Because as a leader in cancer care, Bristol Myers Squibb is working to empower all people with cancer to have a better future.
About Bristol Myers Squibb’s Patient Access Support
Bristol Myers Squibb remains committed to providing assistance so that cancer patients who need our medicines can access them and expedite time to therapy.
BMS Access Support®, the Bristol Myers Squibb patient access and reimbursement program, is designed to help appropriate patients initiate and maintain access to Bristol Myers Squibb medicines during their treatment journey. BMS Access Support offers benefit investigation, prior authorization assistance, as well as co-pay assistance for eligible, commercially insured patients. More information about our access and reimbursement support can be obtained by calling BMS Access Support at 1-800-861-0048 or by visiting www.bmsaccesssupport.com.
About the Bristol Myers Squibb and Ono Pharmaceutical Collaboration
In 2011, through a collaboration agreement with Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Bristol Myers Squibb expanded its territorial rights to develop and commercialize Opdivo globally, except in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan, where Ono had retained all rights to the compound at the time. On July 23, 2014, Ono and Bristol Myers Squibb further expanded the companies’ strategic collaboration agreement to jointly develop and commercialize multiple immunotherapies – as single agents and combination regimens – for patients with cancer in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan.
About Bristol Myers Squibb
Bristol Myers Squibb is a global biopharmaceutical company whose mission is to discover, develop and deliver innovative medicines that help patients prevail over serious diseases. For more information about Bristol Myers Squibb, visit us at BMS.com or follow us on LinkedIn, Twitter, YouTube, Facebook and Instagram.
Celgene and Juno Therapeutics are wholly owned subsidiaries of Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. In certain countries outside the U.S., due to local laws, Celgene and Juno Therapeutics are referred to as, Celgene, a Bristol Myers Squibb company and Juno Therapeutics, a Bristol Myers Squibb company.
References
- Opdivo Prescribing Information. Opdivo U.S. Product Information. Last updated: May 2021. Princeton, NJ: Bristol-Myers Squibb Company.
- Kelly RJ, Ajani JA, Kuzdzal J, et al. Adjuvant nivolumab in resected esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer following neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy: first results of the CheckMate 577 study. Poster presented at: 2020 European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Virtual Congress. September 19-21, 2020.
- Kelly RJ, Ajani JA, Kuzdzal J, et al. Adjuvant Nivolumab in Resected Esophageal or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2021;384:1191-203.
- Kamarajah S, Navidi M, Wahed S, et al. Significance of Neoadjuvant Downstaging in Carcinoma of Esophagus and Gastroesophageal Junction. Ann Surg Oncol. 2020;27:3182-3192.
- Myint ZW and Goel G. Role of modern immunotherapy in gastrointestinal malignancies: a review of current clinical progress. J. Hematol. Oncol. (2017) 10:86,
- Shah AB, Sommerer KR, Almhanna K. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in gastrointestinal malignancies: what can we learn from experience with other tumors? Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019;4:73.
- Murphy MB, Lianchum X, Patel VR, et al. Pathological Complete Response in Patients With Esophageal Cancer After the Trimodality Approach: The Association With Baseline Variables and Survival—The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Experience. Cancer 2017;123:4106-13.
- Saeed NA, Mellon EA, Meredith KL, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy and outcomes in esophageal carcinoma. J Gastrointest Oncol 2017;8(5):816-824.
- National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines: Esophageal and Esophagogastric Junction Cancers. https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/esophageal.pdf2021. Updated March 9, 2021. Accessed April 27, 2021.
- U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Real-Time Oncology Review Pilot Program. https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/oncology-center-excellence/real-time-oncology-review-pilot-program. Updated March 31, 2021. Accessed April 26, 2021.
- American Cancer Society. What is Cancer of the Esophagus? https://www.cancer.org/cancer/esophagus-cancer/about/what-is-cancer-of-the-esophagus.html. Updated March 20, 2020. Accessed April 26, 2021.
- American Cancer Society. Key Statistics for Esophageal Cancer. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/esophagus-cancer/about/key-statistics.html. Updated January 12, 2021. Accessed April 26, 2021.
- Murphy AG, Lynch D and Kelly RJ. State of the art management of metastatic gastroesophageal cancer. Ann Transl Med. 2015;3(16):236.
- Bhurwal A, Brahmbatt B, Choudhry A, et al. Incidence of GE junction cancer continues to rise – analysis of SEER database. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 2019;89(6):AB362.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2019.03.522.
SOURCE: Bristol Myers Squibb
Post Views: 185
