- If approved, Votubia would be the first adjunctive treatment specifically for refractory seizures in children and adults with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)[1]
- Seizures are the most common TSC-related neurological manifestation, and about 60% of patients become unresponsive to available anti-epileptic therapies[2]
- CHMP positive opinion based on pivotal study showing adjunctive treatment with everolimus achieved clinically significant seizure reduction in patients with TSC[1]
BASEL, Switzerland I December 16, 2016 I Novartis today announced that the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) adopted a positive opinion for Votubia® (everolimus) dispersible tablets* as an adjunctive treatment of patients aged two years and older whose refractory partial-onset seizures, with or without secondary generalization, are associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). If approved by the European Commission (EC), Votubia would address an unmet need as currently there are no pharmacologic treatments approved specifically for the treatment of refractory seizures associated with TSC[1].
“As refractory seizures are among the most debilitating manifestations of TSC, a new therapy that provides seizure control would be a meaningful advance for these patients in the EU,” said Bruno Strigini, CEO, Novartis Oncology. “This CHMP opinion is an important milestone in our longstanding commitment to improving care for patients affected by TSC.”
The positive CHMP opinion was based on efficacy and safety data from a pivotal Phase III study (EXIST-3: EXamining everolimus In a Study of TSC), which found that when used as an adjunctive therapy, everolimus significantly reduced refractory partial-onset seizures associated with TSC compared to placebo. The youngest patient enrolled was two years of age and patients in all treatment arms received one to three anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs). Seizure response rate (>=50% reduction) was significantly greater with everolimus low exposure (LE) (28.2%, 95% CI 20.3 – 37.3; p=0.008) and high exposure (HE) (40.0%, 95% CI 31.5 – 49.0; p<0.001) vs placebo (15.1%, 95% CI 9.2 – 22.8). The median percentage reduction from baseline in seizure frequency was also significantly greater among patients randomized to everolimus LE (29.3%, 95% CI 18.8 – 41.9; p=0.003) and HE (39.6%, 95% CI 35.0 – 48.7; p<0.001) vs placebo (14.9%, 95% CI 0.1 – 21.7). The most common all-grade adverse events (AEs) of any cause reported during the core phase at frequencies >15% in everolimus LE/HE arms included stomatitis, diarrhea, pyrexia, nasopharyngitis, and upper respiratory tract infection[1].
The EC typically adheres to the recommendation of the CHMP and usually delivers its final decision in two months or earlier. The decision will be applicable to all 28 European Union (EU) member states plus Iceland and Norway. In Europe, everolimus has orphan drug designation for TSC. Orphan drugs are those that treat a condition which affects no more than five in 10,000 people in the EU[3].
Tuberous sclerosis complex is a rare genetic disorder affecting up to one million people worldwide[4]. Approximately 85% of individuals with TSC are affected by epilepsy, and uncontrolled seizures associated with TSC can be debilitating for patients[2]. Everolimus is the only approved non-surgical option indicated for treating non-cancerous brain and kidney tumors in certain patients with TSC. EXIST-3 is the first Phase III study to demonstrate the significant benefit of adjunctive everolimus in the treatment of refractory partial-onset seizures in patients with TSC[1],[5],[6]. These data may be used to support regulatory filings in other countries.
Everolimus works by inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a protein that regulates multiple cellular functions. TSC is caused by mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes, resulting in hyperactive signaling of the mTOR pathway which can lead to increased cellular growth and proliferation, neuronal hyper-excitability, abnormalities in cortical architecture and network function and impaired synaptic plasticity[7],[8]. Pre-clinical research suggests that hyperactive mTOR activity may influence several mechanisms of epileptogenesis, the gradual process by which the brain develops epilepsy in TSC[9].
About EXIST-3 (EXIST-3: EXamining everolimus In a Study of TSC)
EXIST-3 is a Phase III, three-arm, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of high and low exposure ranges of everolimus as adjunctive therapy in patients with TSC who have refractory partial-onset seizures, defined as seizures persisting despite the use of two anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs). The study enrolled male and female participants (ages 2.2-56.3 years) with clinically defined TSC, who were on stable doses of one to three AEDs for at least four weeks prior to a two-month, pre-randomization, evaluation period[1].
The primary objective was to assess the effectiveness of adjunctive everolimus as compared to placebo in reducing refractory partial-onset seizures in patients with TSC who are taking one to three AEDs. Secondary objectives included the percentage of patients free from seizure during the maintenance period, change in seizure frequency, and safety.
The most frequent (>=10%) all grade adverse events (AEs), of any cause, reported with everolimus LE/HE vs placebo included stomatitis (55.0%/64.0% vs 9.0%), diarrhea (17.1%/21.5% vs 5.0%), nasopharyngitis (13.7%/16.2% vs 16.0%), upper respiratory tract infection (12.8%/15.4% vs 12.6%), pyrexia (fever) (19.7%/13.8% vs 5.0%), vomiting (12.0%/10.0% vs 9.2%), cough (11.1%/10.0% vs 3.4%) and rash (6.0%/10.0% vs 2.5%). Grade 3 or 4 AEs occurred in 13 (11.0%) patients in the placebo group, 21 (18.0%) in the LE group, and 31 (24.0%) in the HE group[1].
About tuberous sclerosis complex
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) may cause non-cancerous tumors to form in vital organs including the brain, kidney, heart, lungs, and skin, as well as resulting disorders such as epilepsy, autism, cognitive impairment, behavioral problems, and psychiatric disorders. Many people with TSC show evidence of the disease in the first year of life. However, because manifestations vary from person to person and can take years to develop, many children are not diagnosed until later in life, often with the onset of seizures, skin lesions or other significant symptoms, such as developmental delays. Because TSC is a lifelong condition, the latest professional diagnostic guidelines issued in 2012 advise that individuals be monitored by a doctor experienced with the disorder to ensure tumor growth or new symptoms are identified early[7],[10].
About Votubia® (everolimus)
In the European Union (EU), everolimus is approved as Votubia® tablets for the treatment of adult patients with renal angiomyolipoma associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) who are at risk of complications (based on factors such as tumor size or presence of aneurysm, or presence of multiple or bilateral tumors) but who do not require immediate surgery. The evidence is based on analysis in sum of angiomyolipoma volume. Votubia® tablets and dispersible tablets are also indicated in the EU for the treatment of patients with subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) associated with TSC who require therapeutic intervention but are not amenable to surgery. The evidence is based on analysis of change in SEGA volume. Further clinical benefit, such as improvement in disease-related symptoms, has not been demonstrated.
In the United States (US), everolimus is approved as Afinitor® tablets for the treatment of adult patients with renal angiomyolipoma and TSC, not requiring immediate surgery. Afinitor® tablets and Afinitor Disperz(TM) (dispersible tablets) are also indicated in the US in pediatric and adult patients with TSC for the treatment of SEGA that requires therapeutic intervention but cannot be curatively resected.
Additionally, Afinitor tablets is approved in >110 countries, including the US and throughout the EU, for locally advanced, metastatic or unresectable progressive neuroendocrine tumors (NET) of pancreatic origin and in the US and EU for the treatment of adult patients with progressive, well-differentiated (Grade 1 or 2), nonfunctional NET of gastrointestinal (GI) or lung origin that are unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic. It is also approved in >120 countries including the US and EU for advanced renal cell carcinoma following progression on or after vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted therapy (in the US, specifically following sunitinib and sorafenib). Afinitor is also approved in 115 countries including the US and EU for advanced HR+/HER2- breast cancer in combination with exemestane, after prior endocrine therapy.
Everolimus is also available from Novartis under the brand names Afinitor®, Certican® and Zortress® for use in oncology and transplant patient populations and is exclusively licensed to Abbott and sublicensed to Boston Scientific for use in drug-eluting stents.
Indications vary by country and not all indications are available in every country. The safety and efficacy profile of everolimus has not yet been established outside the approved indications. Because of the uncertainty of clinical trials, there is no guarantee that everolimus will become commercially available for additional indications anywhere else in the world.
About Novartis
Novartis provides innovative healthcare solutions that address the evolving needs of patients and societies. Headquartered in Basel, Switzerland, Novartis offers a diversified portfolio to best meet these needs: innovative medicines, eye care and cost-saving generic pharmaceuticals. Novartis is the only global company with leading positions in these areas. In 2015, the Group achieved net sales of USD 49.4 billion, while R&D throughout the Group amounted to approximately USD 8.9 billion (USD 8.7 billion excluding impairment and amortization charges). Novartis Group companies employ approximately 118,000 full-time-equivalent associates. Novartis products are available in more than 180 countries around the world. For more information, please visit http://www.novartis.com.
*Known as Afinitor® (everolimus) tablets for certain patients with SEGA and renal angiomyolipoma associated with TSC in the US and other countries.
References
[1] French. J.A., et al. Adjunctive everolimus therapy for treatment-resistant focal-onset seizures associated with tuberous sclerosis (EXIST-3): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Lancet. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31419-2. Accessed December 2016.
[2] Chu-Shore C.J., et al. The natural history of epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis complex. Epilepsia. 2010: 51(7): 1236-1241.
[3] European Medicines Agency. Orphan drugs and rare diseases at a glance. Available at http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Other/2010/01/WC500069805.pdf. Accessed December 2016.
[4] Budde, K. and Gaedeke, J. Tuberous sclerosis complex-associated angiomyolipomas: focus on mTOR inhibition. American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 2012:276-283.
[5] Afinitor (everolimus) Prescribing information. East Hanover, New Jersey, USA: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; February 2016.
[6] Votubia (everolimus): EU Summary of Product Characteristics. Novartis; December 2015.
[7] National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke fact sheet. 2010.
[8]Wong, M. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways in neurological diseases. Biomed Journal. 2013; 36(2): 1-17.
[9] Ostendorf, A. and Wong, M. mTOR inhibition in epilepsy: rationale and clinical perspectives. CNS Drugs. 2015:91-99.
[10] Northrup, H. et al. Tuberous sclerosis complex diagnostic criteria update: recommendations of the 2012 international tuberous sclerosis complex consensus conference. Pediatric Neurology. 2013; 49: 243-254
SOURCE: Novartis
